Tuesday, 18 June 2013
Early career Arthur Miller
In 1952, Kazan appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC); unwilling to risk his promising career in Hollywood for the Communist cause that he had come to despise, Kazan named eight members of the Group Theatre, including Clifford Odets, Paula Strasberg, Lillian Hellman, Joe Bromberg, and John Garfield, who in recent years had been fellow members of the Communist Party. After speaking with Kazan about his testimony Miller traveled to Salem, Massachusetts to research the witch trials of 1692.The Crucible, in which Miller likened the situation with the House Un-American Activities Committee to the witch hunt in Salem in 1692, opened at the Beck Theatre on Broadway on January 22, 1953. Though widely considered only somewhat successful at the time of its initial release, today The Crucible is Miller's most frequently produced work throughout the world and was adapted into an opera by Robert Ward, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1962. Miller and Kazan were close friends throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, but after Kazan's testimony to the HUAC, the pair's friendship ended, and they did not speak to each other for the next ten years.The HUAC took an interest in Miller himself not long after The Crucible opened, denying him a passport to attend the play's London opening in 1954. Kazan defended his own actions through his film On the Waterfront, in which a dockworker heroically testifies against a corrupt union boss.
Miller's experience with the HUAC affected him throughout his life. In the late 1970s he became very interested in the highly publicized Barbara Gibbons murder case, in which Gibbons' son Peter Reilly was convicted of his mother's murder based on what many felt was a coerced confession and little other evidence. City Confidential, an A&E Network series, produced an episode about the murder, postulating that part of the reason Miller took such an active interest (including supporting Reilly's defense and using his own celebrity to bring attention to Reilly's plight) was because he had felt similarly persecuted in his run-ins with the HUAC. He sympathized with Reilly, whom he firmly believed to be innocent and to have been railroaded by the Connecticut State Police and the Attorney General who had initially prosecuted the case.
Arthur Miller Early Life
Early life
Arthur Asher Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in Harlem, New York City, the second of three children of Isidore and Augusta Miller, Polish Jewish immigrants. His father owned a women's clothing manufacturing business employing some 400 people. He became a wealthy and respected man in the community. (BBC TV Interview; Miller and Yentob; 'Finishing the Picture,' 2004) The family, including his younger sister Joan, lived on East 110th Street in Manhattan and owned a summer house in Far Rockaway, Queens. They employed a chauffeur.In the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the family lost almost everything and moved to Gravesend, Brooklyn. As a teenager, Miller delivered bread every morning before school to help the family. After graduating in 1932 from Abraham Lincoln High School, he worked at several menial jobs to pay for his college tuition.
At the University of Michigan, Miller first majored in journalism and worked as a reporter and night editor for the student paper, the Michigan Daily. It was during this time that he wrote his first play, No Villain. Miller switched his major to English, and subsequently won the Avery Hopwood Awardfor No Villain. The award brought him his first recognition and led him to begin to consider that he could have a career as a playwright. Miller enrolled in a playwriting seminar taught by the influential Professor Kenneth Rowe, who instructed him in his early forays into playwriting; Rowe emphasized how a play is built in order to achieve its intended effect, or what Miller called "the dynamics of play construction". Rowe provided realistic feedback along with much-needed encouragement, and became a lifelong friend. Miller retained strong ties to his alma mater throughout the rest of his life, establishing the university's Arthur Miller Award in 1985 and Arthur Miller Award for Dramatic Writing in 1999, and lending his name to the Arthur Miller Theatre in 2000.[11] In 1937, Miller wrote Honors at Dawn, which also received the Avery Hopwood Award.
In 1938, Miller received a BA in English. After graduation, he joined the Federal Theater Project, a New Deal agency established to provide jobs in the theater. He chose the theater project although he had an offer to work as a scriptwriter for 20th Century Fox. However, Congress, worried about possible Communist infiltration, closed the project in 1939. Miller began working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard while continuing to write radio plays, some of which were broadcast on CBS.
In 1940, he married Mary Grace Slattery. The couple had two children, Jane and Robert (born May 31, 1947). Miller was exempted from military service during World War II because of a high-school football injury to his left kneecap.
going out my way :D
as i was late sometimes i felt i should go out of my way to improve my character and my scene with tituba. i would change the way i would say things, another thing i needed to do out of my own time was to improve my American. i looked on you tube at teaching things so that i could say trigger words that can help my accent.
THE SHOW
We had four shows all together and each show had a large range of people coming to see them, i tryed and so did many others in our group to get schools to come to the matinee show, however the schools didn't really want to go. it was a shame however we still had an amazing show. :)
The Crucible Book
My book contained notes for my character and others as well it has all the cuts in it. and its something i will keep for further use. i underlined my cuts so that if they needed to be said then i could still read them.
warm ups
Before each performance and before we performed the acts we would have a body and voice warm up. this would consisted of massage and singing together as a group. breathing and humming had also been involved within the warm up. Each warm up was about 30minutes long.
Rehearsals
during each rehearsals we did blocking, line learning, character development, and research.
we needed to attend firstly and as a person i was late a few times, and i always felt sorry when ever i was late. some rehearsal lasted all day and others only a few hours depending on attendance from other people. the tasks we undertook during this time included blocking each act, setting props when needed and making sure people all knew what they needed to achieve. we also helped each other with character development by giving peer feed back to each other. costume was allocated within this time as well. when it became closer to the show i helped with some of the set as well. during the rehearsals we needed to be patient and quiet when others needed to talk. the main thing we needed to do was to listen to our director/ tutor.
we needed to attend firstly and as a person i was late a few times, and i always felt sorry when ever i was late. some rehearsal lasted all day and others only a few hours depending on attendance from other people. the tasks we undertook during this time included blocking each act, setting props when needed and making sure people all knew what they needed to achieve. we also helped each other with character development by giving peer feed back to each other. costume was allocated within this time as well. when it became closer to the show i helped with some of the set as well. during the rehearsals we needed to be patient and quiet when others needed to talk. the main thing we needed to do was to listen to our director/ tutor.
READ THROUGH
we sat in a circle and started to read our parts. the script is an extreamly long one and throughout each rehearsal we would take some out to help to make it shorter, however it was still about two hours long. many lines had been cut some that we didn't want to go that we all thought had great meaning however our director felt that we needed it shorter and snappyer. i learnt my lines in like the first day as i only had a few, this meant that i could focus on character develpoment.
Sarah Good Trial
On March 15, 1692, Good was tried for witchcraft. She was accused of rejecting the puritanical expectations of self-control and discipline when she chose to torment and “scorn [children] instead of leading them towards the path of salvation".When she was brought in, the accusers immediately began to rock back and forth and moan, seemingly in response to Good’s presence. Later on in the trial, one of the accusers fell into a fit. When it had stopped, she claimed Good had attacked her with a knife; she even produced a portion of it, stating the weapon had been broken during the alleged assault. However, upon hearing this statement, a young townsman stood and told the court the piece had broken off his own knife the day before, and that the girl had witnessed it. He then revealed the other half, proving his story. After hearing this, the judge simply scolded the girl for exaggerating what he believed to be the truth.
Others who testified in Good’s trial claimed to have seen her flying through the sky on a stick, presumably to get to her “witch meetings.” Even her husband testified against her, stating he had seen the Devil’s mark on her body, right below her shoulder. He also told the court he had reason to believe she was either presently a witch, or would soon become one. Dorothy Good, Sarah's daughter who was only four at the time, was later forced to testify against her, claiming that she was a witch and she had seen her mother consorting with the devil. Sarah was pregnant at the time of her arrest and gave birth to Mercy Good in her cell in Ipswich Jail. Mercy died shortly after birth most likely due to malnutrition, lack of medical care, and unsanitary conditions.
Although both Good and Sarah Osborne denied the allegations against them, Tituba admitted to being the “Devil’s servant.” She stated that a tall man dressed all in black came to them, demanding they sign their names in a great book. Although initially refusing, Tituba said, she eventually wrote her name, after Good and Osborne forced her to. There were six other names in the book as well but Tituba said, they were not visible to her. She also said that Good had ordered her cat to attack Elizabeth Hubbard, causing the scratches and bite marks on the girl’s body. She spoke of seeing Good with black and yellow birds surrounding her, and that Good had also sent these animals to harm the girls. When the girls began to have another fit, Tituba claimed she could see a yellow bird in Good’s right hand. The young accusers agreed.
When Good was allowed the chance to defend herself in front of the twelve jurors in the Salem Village meeting house, she argued her innocence, proclaiming Tituba and Osborne as the real witches. In the end, however, Sarah Good was convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death. Later, Dorothy Good was also accused of witchcraft. Mary Walcott and Ann Putnam Jr. claimed she was deranged, and repeatedly bit them as if she were an animal. Dorothy, incorrectly written as "Dorcas" on the warrant for her arrest, received a brief hearing in which the accusers repeatedly complained of bites on their arms. She was then convicted and sent to jail, becoming at age five the youngest person to be jailed during the Salem Witch Trials. Two days later, she was visited by Salem officials. She claimed she owned a snake—given to her by her mother—that talked to her and sucked blood from her finger. The officials took this to mean it was her "familiar," which is defined as a witch’s spiritual servant. Dorothy was released from jail several months later, and evidently suffered from psychological issues for the remainder of her life.
On July 19, 1692, Sarah Good was hanged along with four other women convicted of witchcraft. While the other four quietly awaited execution, Good firmly proclaimed her innocence. Reverend Nicholas Noyes was persistent, but unsuccessful, in his attempts to force Good to confess. When Sarah Good was claimed guilty by the judges especially Nicholas Noyes, she yelled out, "I'm no more a witch than you are a wizard, take my life and God will give you blood to drink."
Others who testified in Good’s trial claimed to have seen her flying through the sky on a stick, presumably to get to her “witch meetings.” Even her husband testified against her, stating he had seen the Devil’s mark on her body, right below her shoulder. He also told the court he had reason to believe she was either presently a witch, or would soon become one. Dorothy Good, Sarah's daughter who was only four at the time, was later forced to testify against her, claiming that she was a witch and she had seen her mother consorting with the devil. Sarah was pregnant at the time of her arrest and gave birth to Mercy Good in her cell in Ipswich Jail. Mercy died shortly after birth most likely due to malnutrition, lack of medical care, and unsanitary conditions.
Although both Good and Sarah Osborne denied the allegations against them, Tituba admitted to being the “Devil’s servant.” She stated that a tall man dressed all in black came to them, demanding they sign their names in a great book. Although initially refusing, Tituba said, she eventually wrote her name, after Good and Osborne forced her to. There were six other names in the book as well but Tituba said, they were not visible to her. She also said that Good had ordered her cat to attack Elizabeth Hubbard, causing the scratches and bite marks on the girl’s body. She spoke of seeing Good with black and yellow birds surrounding her, and that Good had also sent these animals to harm the girls. When the girls began to have another fit, Tituba claimed she could see a yellow bird in Good’s right hand. The young accusers agreed.
When Good was allowed the chance to defend herself in front of the twelve jurors in the Salem Village meeting house, she argued her innocence, proclaiming Tituba and Osborne as the real witches. In the end, however, Sarah Good was convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death. Later, Dorothy Good was also accused of witchcraft. Mary Walcott and Ann Putnam Jr. claimed she was deranged, and repeatedly bit them as if she were an animal. Dorothy, incorrectly written as "Dorcas" on the warrant for her arrest, received a brief hearing in which the accusers repeatedly complained of bites on their arms. She was then convicted and sent to jail, becoming at age five the youngest person to be jailed during the Salem Witch Trials. Two days later, she was visited by Salem officials. She claimed she owned a snake—given to her by her mother—that talked to her and sucked blood from her finger. The officials took this to mean it was her "familiar," which is defined as a witch’s spiritual servant. Dorothy was released from jail several months later, and evidently suffered from psychological issues for the remainder of her life.
On July 19, 1692, Sarah Good was hanged along with four other women convicted of witchcraft. While the other four quietly awaited execution, Good firmly proclaimed her innocence. Reverend Nicholas Noyes was persistent, but unsuccessful, in his attempts to force Good to confess. When Sarah Good was claimed guilty by the judges especially Nicholas Noyes, she yelled out, "I'm no more a witch than you are a wizard, take my life and God will give you blood to drink."
Sarah Good Accusation
Sarah Good was accused of witchcraft on February 25, 1692, when Abigail Williams and Betty Parris, related to the Reverend Parris, claimed to be bewitched under her hand. The young girls asserted they had been bitten, pinched, and otherwise abused. They would have fits in which their bodies would appear to involuntarily convulse, their eyes rolling into the back of their heads and their mouths hanging open. When Reverend Samuel Parris asked “Who torments you?” the girls eventually shouted out the names of three townspeople: Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good
Sarah Good Background
Sarah Solart was born in Wenham to John and Elizabeth Solart. Her father was prosperous, but she and her sisters never received their inheritance when he died in 1672. Sarah first married Daniel Poole who was a laborer and who died in 1682. Sarah then married William Good. The debt that she had after Daniel died became the responsibility of Willam. Because they could not handle the debt, Sarah and William were "reduced to begging work, food, and shelter from their neighbors" and, in 1692, were homeless.
Sarah was described by the people of Salem as being filthy, bad-tempered, and strangely detached from the rest of the village. She was often associated with the death of residents' livestock and would wander door to door, asking for charity. If the resident refused, Good would walk away muttering under her breath. Although she maintained at the trial that she was only saying the Ten Commandments, those who turned her away would later claim she was chanting curses in revenge. When she was asked to say the Commandments at her trial, she could not recite a single one.
Sarah was described by the people of Salem as being filthy, bad-tempered, and strangely detached from the rest of the village. She was often associated with the death of residents' livestock and would wander door to door, asking for charity. If the resident refused, Good would walk away muttering under her breath. Although she maintained at the trial that she was only saying the Ten Commandments, those who turned her away would later claim she was chanting curses in revenge. When she was asked to say the Commandments at her trial, she could not recite a single one.
PURITANS
The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of
England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms. The writings
and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to
Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The
Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made
doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the
Church of England was beyond reform. Escaping persecution from church leadership
and the King, they came to America.
The Puritans believed that the Bible was God's true law, and that it provided
a plan for living. The established church of the day described access to God as
monastic and possible only within the confines of "church authority". Puritans
stripped away the traditional trappings and formalities of Christianity which
had been slowly building throughout the previous 1500 years. Theirs was an
attempt to "purify" the church and their own lives.
What many of us remember about the Puritans is reflective of the modern
definition of the term and not of the historical account. Point one, they were
not a small group of people. In England many of their persuasion sat in
Parliament. So great was the struggle that England's Civil War pitted the
Puritans against the Crown Forces. Though the Puritans won the fight with Oliver
Cromwell's leadership, their victory was short-lived; hence their displacement
to America. Point two, the witchcraft trials did not appropriately define their
methods of living for the 100+ years that they formed successful communities.
What it did show was the danger that their self-imposed isolation had put them
in.
Most of the Puritans settled in the New England area. As they immigrated and
formed individual colonies, their numbers rose from 17,800 in 1640 to 106,000 in
1700. Religious exclusiveness was the foremost principle of their society. The
spiritual beliefs that they held were strong. This strength held over to include
community laws and customs. Since God was at the forefront of their minds, He
was to motivate all of their actions. This premise worked both for them and
against them.
The common unity strengthened the community. In a foreign land surrounded
with the hardships of pioneer life, their spiritual bond made them sympathetic
to each other's needs. Their overall survival techniques permeated the colonies
and on the whole made them more successful in several areas beyond that of the
colonies established to their south.
Each church congregation was to be individually responsible to God, as was
each person. The New Testament was their model and their devotion so great that
it permeated their entire society. People of opposing theological views were
asked to leave the community or to be converted.
Their interpretation of scriptures was a harsh one. They emphasized a
redemptive piety. In principle, they emphasized conversion and not repression.
Conversion was a rejection of the "worldliness" of society and a strict
adherence to Biblical principles. While repression was not encouraged in
principle, it was evident in their actions. God could forgive anything, but man
could forgive only by seeing a change in behavior. Actions spoke louder than
words, so actions had to be constantly controlled.
The doctrine of predestination kept all Puritans constantly working to do
good in this life to be chosen for the next eternal one. God had already chosen
who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which
group they were in. Those who were wealthy were obviously blessed by God and
were in good standing with Him. The Protestant work ethic was the belief that
hard work was an honor to God which would lead to a prosperous reward. Any
deviations from the normal way of Puritan life met with strict disapproval and
discipline. Since the church elders were also political leaders, any church
infraction was also a social one. There was no margin for error.
The devil was behind every evil deed. Constant watch needed to be kept in
order to stay away from his clutches. Words of hell fire and brimstone flowed
from the mouths of eloquent ministers as they warned of the persuasiveness of
the devil's power. The sermons of Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan minister, show
that delivery of these sermons became an art form. They were elegant, well
formed, exegetical renditions of scriptures... with a healthy dose of fear woven
throughout the fabric of the literary construction. Grammar children were
quizzed on the material at school and at home. This constant subjection of the
probability of an unseen danger led to a scandal of epidemic proportions.
Great pains were taken to warn their members and especially their children of
the dangers of the world. Religiously motivated, they were exceptional in their
time for their interest in the education of their children. Reading of the Bible
was necessary to living a pious life. The education of the next generation was
important to further "purify" the church and perfect social living.
Three English diversions were banned in their New England colonies; drama,
religious music and erotic poetry. The first and last of these led to
immorality. Music in worship created a "dreamy" state which was not conducive in
listening to God. Since the people were not spending their time idly indulged in
trivialities, they were left with two godly diversions.
The Bible stimulated their corporate intellect by promoting discussions of
literature. Greek classics of Cicero, Virgil, Terence and Ovid were taught, as
well as poetry and Latin verse. They were encouraged to create their own poetry,
always religious in content.
For the first time in history, free schooling was offered for all children.
Puritans formed the first formal school in 1635, called the Roxbury Latin
School. Four years later, the first American College was established; Harvard in
Cambridge. Children aged 6-8 attended a "Dame school" where the teacher, who was
usually a widow, taught reading. "Ciphering" (math) and writing were low on the
academic agenda.
In 1638, the first printing press arrived. By 1700, Boston became the second
largest publishing center of the English Empire. The Puritans were the first to
write books for children, and to discuss the difficulties in communicating with
them. At a time when other Americans were physically blazing trails through the
forests, the Puritans efforts in areas of study were advancing our country
intellectually.
Religion provided a stimulus and prelude for scientific thought. Of those
Americans who were admitted into the scientific "Royal Society of London," the
vast majority were New England Puritans.
The large number of people who ascribed to the lifestyle of the Puritans did
much to firmly establish a presence on American soil. Bound together, they
established a community that maintained a healthy economy, established a school
system, and focused an efficient eye on political concerns. The moral character
of England and America were shaped in part by the words and actions of this
strong group of Christian believers called the Puritans.
Prepared by Kay Kizer http://www3.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/puritans.html
AUDITIONING PROCESS
The audition process, the first thing we needed to do was to decide who was going to be what characters. this was decied between Ella and Chloe, during the auditions we had two differnt Auditions in total and more if needed, i wanted to be Mary Warren and both my auditions was reading her lines, however i did not get the part and was given Sarah Good. i was disaponted however i worked with what i was given and tryed to make the best of what i got. i think i could have tryed harder and proven myself to be able to be Mary Warren. it took a very long time to find out what characters each person got because everyone had improven. i felt i could have done better in my auditions.
Sunday, 9 June 2013
The crucible,McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthy
Full Name: Joseph Raymond McCarthy
Date of Birth: 14th November, 1908Place of birth: he was born on a farm in the town of
McCarthy was the fifth of seven children. Thought it doesn't say much
about his upbringing its known that McCarthy dropped out school at the age of
14 to assist his parents in looking after the farm. He joined Little Wolf High School, in Manawa , Wisconsin Marquette University in Milwaukee
In 1942, during WWII, McCarthy was ordered into the United States
Marine Corps. His education qualified him for an automatic commission as an
officer, and he became a second lieutenant after completing basic training.
McCarthy chose the Marines with the hope that being in that area would help him
in his future career as a politician. McCarthy left the Marines with the rank
of captain, it was recorded that McCarthy lied about his war record. He claimed
to have enlisted as a "buck private" (An enlisted person of the
lowest rank of the marines). And that he flew twelve combat missions as a
gunner-observer, McCarthy later claimed 32 missions in order to qualify for a
Distinguished Flying Cross, which is a military decoration award to any officer
or enlisted member of the United States Armed Forces who distinguishes himself
or herself in support of operations by "heroism or extraordinary
achievement while participating in an aerial flight”, Which he received in
1952. McCarthy publicized a letter of commendation which he claimed had been
signed by his commanding officer, however it was later revealed that that
McCarthy had written this letter himself, in his capacity as intelligence
officer. McCarthy campaigned for the Republican Senate nomination in Wisconsin
McCarthy was elected senator in 1946 by an overwhelming majority. He
was anti-tax and against price, rent and credit controls. His first major act
was, even as a new Senator, to lead the fight against continuation of wartime
sugar controls. On the 5th February, 1950, McCarthy made an
electrifying speech at Wheeling, West VA, that he had a list of Communists in
the State Department. By July he was a major political force.
In 1954 Ralph E.
Flanders fought to get McCarthy removed as chair of
his committees. On a June 1 1954 Flanders made a speech that compared McCarthy
to Hitler accusing him of spreading "division and confusion" and
saying, "Were the Junior Senator from Wisconsin in the pay of the
Communists he could not have done a better job for them. Although there
were many in the Senate who believed that some sort of disciplinary action
against McCarthy was warranted, there was no clear majority supporting this
resolution. On December 2, 1954, the Senate voted to "condemn"
McCarthy on both counts of “failing to cooperate with the Subcommittee on Rules
and Administration”, and "repeatedly abused the members who were trying to
carry out assigned duties”. After this McCarthy continued senatorial duties
until 1956, his career as a major public figure had been ruined due to the
accusations above.
McCarthy died
in Bethesda Naval Hospital on May 2, 1957, at the age of 48. The official cause of his
death was listed as acute hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver.
Arthur Miller and McCarthyism
Overwhelmed by post-war paranoia and intolerance, Miller began work on the third of his major plays. Though it was clearly an indictment of the McCarthyism of the early 1950s, “The Crucible” was set in Salem during the witch-hunts of the late 17th century. The play, which deals with extraordinary tragedy in ordinary lives, expanded Miller’s voice and his concern for the physical and psychological well-being of the working class. They also called it in many history books "The McCarthy Witch Hunt".
Within three years, Miller was called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and convicted of contempt of Congress for not co-operating.
Within three years, Miller was called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and convicted of contempt of Congress for not co-operating.
Joseph McCarthy TIMELINE
1908
Joseph McCarthy is born on a farm in Outagamie County, Wisconsin.
1927
McCarthy enters high school for the first time at age 19. He receives his diploma after just one year.
1928
McCarthy enters Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. When McCarthy leaves Marquette he has a law degree. He goes into private practise, and in four years time he becomes a judge in Wisconsin District Court.
1930s
These years marked the beginning of governmental enquiry into what was seen as "the Communist problem." The Dies Committee and the State of California Joint Fact-finding Committee on Un-American Activities become the precursors to HUAC.
1942
McCarthy leaves the bench to join the Marines as first lieutenant. While in the Marines he breaks his leg at a shipboard party, but he later claimed that he received the injury in combat.
1944
McCarthy is honourably discharged from the Marines and unsuccessfully runs against Alexander Wiley in Wisconsin for the United States Senate.
1946
McCarthy makes his second senatorial bid. This time he is able to narrowly defeat incumbent Robert LaFollette, Jr. in the primary. From there he breezes to election in November, winning by a 2 to 1 margin over his Democratic opponent.
1947
The first wave of hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) occur. During this time novelist Ayn Rand testifies regarding the pro-communist slant of the film Song of Russia (1944). It is in these hearings that the "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted and sentenced to prison terms for contempt of Congress. McCarthy does not participate in these hearings.
1947-1949
McCarthy accepts kickbacks from Pepsi Cola totalling $20,000 in exchange for helping Pepsi to circumvent the post-war sugar rationing. He also gets another $10,000 from entrepreneurs in the pre-fabricated housing industry. Shortly thereafter, McCarthy joins the Senate Housing Committee and goes on the road to speak out against public housing for veterans, extolling the benefits of the pre-fabricated home and offering it as an alternative.
1950 On February 9th
in Wheeling, West Virginia, McCarthy gives his first public speech against communism. He opens with the sentence, "I have in my hand a list of 205 cases of individuals who appear to be either card-carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party.
1950 On February 20th
McCarthy gives a six hour speech on the floor of the Senate that lasts until midnight. However, he now claims to have evidence of only 81 communists working in the State Department.
1950
The McCarran Act, or Internal Security Act of 1950, is passes. Among other things, it authorities the creation of concentration camps "for emergency situations." Though Truman originally vetoes the legislation, the Senate overrides him by a vote of 89-11.
1951
The second wave of HUAC hearings begins with McCarthy leading the charge. Over the next three years McCarthy is a mainstay in the public eye, and he subpoenas some of the most prominent entertainers of the era (e.g. Orson Welles, Lucille Ball, Dashielle Hammett, and Lillian Hellman) before HUAC, demanding "the naming of names."
1952
McCarthy re-elected to the Senate.
1953
Arthur Miller's play The Crucible premieres at the Martin Beck Theatre in New York on January 22.
1954
After a confrontation with Secretary of the Army, Robert Stevens, McCarthy soon after wards convenes the Army-McCarthy hearings to investigate communism in the Army. With the help of President Eisenhower and Edward Murrow's unedited footage of the hearings, the Army is vindicated and the true nature of McCarthyism is becomes evident to the American public.
1954 On December 2,
the Senate votes 67-22 to censure McCarthy for "conduct contrary to Senatorial tradition." It is only the third time in the Senate's history that such a censure is issued.
1957 On May 2,
McCarthy dies at the Naval Medical Centre in Bethesda, Maryland from a condition related to his cirrhotic liver. He is forty-eight
Joseph McCarthy is born on a farm in Outagamie County, Wisconsin.
1927
McCarthy enters high school for the first time at age 19. He receives his diploma after just one year.
1928
McCarthy enters Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. When McCarthy leaves Marquette he has a law degree. He goes into private practise, and in four years time he becomes a judge in Wisconsin District Court.
1930s
These years marked the beginning of governmental enquiry into what was seen as "the Communist problem." The Dies Committee and the State of California Joint Fact-finding Committee on Un-American Activities become the precursors to HUAC.
1942
McCarthy leaves the bench to join the Marines as first lieutenant. While in the Marines he breaks his leg at a shipboard party, but he later claimed that he received the injury in combat.
1944
McCarthy is honourably discharged from the Marines and unsuccessfully runs against Alexander Wiley in Wisconsin for the United States Senate.
1946
McCarthy makes his second senatorial bid. This time he is able to narrowly defeat incumbent Robert LaFollette, Jr. in the primary. From there he breezes to election in November, winning by a 2 to 1 margin over his Democratic opponent.
1947
The first wave of hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) occur. During this time novelist Ayn Rand testifies regarding the pro-communist slant of the film Song of Russia (1944). It is in these hearings that the "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted and sentenced to prison terms for contempt of Congress. McCarthy does not participate in these hearings.
1947-1949
McCarthy accepts kickbacks from Pepsi Cola totalling $20,000 in exchange for helping Pepsi to circumvent the post-war sugar rationing. He also gets another $10,000 from entrepreneurs in the pre-fabricated housing industry. Shortly thereafter, McCarthy joins the Senate Housing Committee and goes on the road to speak out against public housing for veterans, extolling the benefits of the pre-fabricated home and offering it as an alternative.
1950 On February 9th
in Wheeling, West Virginia, McCarthy gives his first public speech against communism. He opens with the sentence, "I have in my hand a list of 205 cases of individuals who appear to be either card-carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party.
1950 On February 20th
McCarthy gives a six hour speech on the floor of the Senate that lasts until midnight. However, he now claims to have evidence of only 81 communists working in the State Department.
1950
The McCarran Act, or Internal Security Act of 1950, is passes. Among other things, it authorities the creation of concentration camps "for emergency situations." Though Truman originally vetoes the legislation, the Senate overrides him by a vote of 89-11.
1951
The second wave of HUAC hearings begins with McCarthy leading the charge. Over the next three years McCarthy is a mainstay in the public eye, and he subpoenas some of the most prominent entertainers of the era (e.g. Orson Welles, Lucille Ball, Dashielle Hammett, and Lillian Hellman) before HUAC, demanding "the naming of names."
1952
McCarthy re-elected to the Senate.
1953
Arthur Miller's play The Crucible premieres at the Martin Beck Theatre in New York on January 22.
1954
After a confrontation with Secretary of the Army, Robert Stevens, McCarthy soon after wards convenes the Army-McCarthy hearings to investigate communism in the Army. With the help of President Eisenhower and Edward Murrow's unedited footage of the hearings, the Army is vindicated and the true nature of McCarthyism is becomes evident to the American public.
1954 On December 2,
the Senate votes 67-22 to censure McCarthy for "conduct contrary to Senatorial tradition." It is only the third time in the Senate's history that such a censure is issued.
1957 On May 2,
McCarthy dies at the Naval Medical Centre in Bethesda, Maryland from a condition related to his cirrhotic liver. He is forty-eight
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